Exceptions:
Exceptional conditions are usually associated with the
violation of preconditions. Exceptions can be found systematically by examining
each parameter of the operation and by examining the status in which the
operation may be invoked. Here, we specify constraints that the caller needs to
satisfy before invoking an operation.
Associations:
Associations are relationships between classes and
represent groups of links. Each end of an association can be labeled by a set
of integers indicating the number of links that can legitimately originate form
an instance of the class connected to the association end.
Associations are used to represent a wide range of
connections among a set of objects.
Identifying associations:
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